K-Greens & Reds

● Supports antioxidant function via high levels of carotenoids that protect against DNA damage and scavenge free radicals (303,304).

● Supports antioxidant function via high levels of chlorophyll, flavonoids, and stimulation of various immune cells, including T cells, NK cells, and monocytes (305,306).

● May combat carcinogenesis via inducing cancer cell apoptosis (cell death) (305,306).

● Supports digestive health via amounts of naturally occurring enzymes and phytonutrients (305,306).

● High in antioxidants such as ascorbic acid, carotenoids, phenolic acids, flavonoids, polyphenols, and anti-inflammatory compounds (betalains) (87).

● Betalains have been shown to inhibit inflammatory pathways (Nuclear Factor-Kappa B “NF-κB”) that manifest in a plethora of chronic diseases (87).

● Increases nitric oxide production optimizing healthy blood pressure and enhanced cardiovascular output during exercise (87).

● Beetroot extract exemplifies anti-carcinogenic activity by inhibiting cancer cell growth mechanisms (cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and tumorigenesis) (87).

● Supports suppression of lipid accumulation (fat build up) in adipocytes (fat cells) (21).

● Increases total antioxidant capacity by increasing enzymes associated with decreasing reactive oxygen species (superoxide dismutase) (22).

● Increases natural production of master antioxidant L-Glutathione (2).

● Supports cardiovascular health via reduced cholesterol, reduced blood pressure, reduced blood pressure, increased nitric oxide production, and reduced inflammation of blood vessels (307).

● Supports antioxidant function via high levels of polyphenols, anthocyanins, reduced inflammatory cytokines, reduced DNA damage, and increased free radical scavenging capability (307).

● Supports cognitive function

● Combats inflammation via scavenging of free radicals and reduced oxidative damage of DNA. (191,192,193).

● Combats carcinogenesis via carcinogen-metabolizing enzymes, apoptosis (cancer cell death), anti-proliferation, pro-differentiation, and anti-lipid peroxidation activities. (193).

● Inhibits phosphorylation of anti-oncogenes such as p53 and Rb. It also inhibits G0/G1 and S-phase of the cell cycle (193).

● Supports prostate health via high polyphenolic antioxidant levels (three times the antioxidant activity of green tea) that protect the prostate gland from inflammation (170).

● Supports reduced blood pressure via increased nitric oxide production, increased cardiac output (blood flow), and reduced cholesterol levels (170.

● Supports digestive health via combating inflammatory bowel disease (171).

● Supports immune health via reduced inflammatory cytokines (markers of inflammation) throughout the body (171).

● Supports antioxidant function via polyphenolic components with high levels of anthocyanins (cyanidin-3-glucoside and cyanidin-3-rutinoside) (273, 274, 275).

● May combat carcinogenesis via reduction of tumor cell proliferation, multiplicity and size of the tumors, increased anti-inflammatory capacity, increased antiproliferative activity, and increased pro-apoptotic activity (273).

● Supports reduction in total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, glucose, and H1AC (270).

● Supports cardiovascular health via reduced levels of fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and increased HDL cholesterol (271).

● Increases glucose absorption via high molecular weight enhancing glucose transport (271).

● Reduces serum concentrations of cholesterol via reducing the absorption of cholesterol from the gut.

● The high antioxidant capacity allows for free radical scavenging of reactive oxygen species.

● Supports 70% of the gut-immunological axis (gut immune system) via enhanced mucosal immune response (toll-like receptors), and upregulation of genetic markers associated with macrophage (gut-immune cell) activity (108, 109).

● Supports digestive and immune health via decreased irritable bowel symptoms, suppression of Helicobacter pylori growth (pathogenic bacteria), reduced histamine (reduced allergic response), and reduced gut inflammation (103,104, 107, 108, 109).

● Supports athletic performance via reduction of respiratory tract infections, reduced muscle damage, improved body composition, reduction lactate induced exercise (muscle burn), and body composition (108).

● Supports gut-brain axis via increased neural, endocrine (hormonal), and anti-inflammatory modulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis (108).

● Reduces inflammation via activation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and downregulates the expression of nuclear factor (NF)-κB and pro-inflammatory cytokines (inflammation markers) (109).

● Supports antioxidant function via decreased inflammatory cytokines (inflammation), decreased reactive oxygen species, and increased L-glutathione production (master antioxidant).

● Supports visual health via increased amounts of plasma vitamin A in macular (eye) tissues.

● May reduce DNA damage in lymphocytes (immune cells) of individuals who smoke (315).

● Supports antioxidant function and immune health via polyphenolic compounds that reduce oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokines, and c-reactive protein (major marker of systemic inflammation (316).

● Supports recovery from strenuous exercise via reduced muscle soreness, reduced creatine kinase (marker of muscle breakdown), and improved muscle mass (316).

● Supports immune health via increased oxidant, free radical scavenging, and fueling neutrophilic (immune cell) activity in chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and microbial killing (97,98).

● Supports fat burning by increasing carnitine biosynthesis (molecule required for mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation) (97,98).

● Supports accelerate bone healing after a fracture, increase type I collagen synthesis, and reduce oxidative stress (inflammation) (98).

● Supports reduced DNA damage in the kidney, liver, and bone marrow (318).

● Supports cardiovascular health via reduced atherosclerotic lesions (319).

● Supports immune health and antioxidant function via levels of naturally occurring zinc, fiber, magnesium (319).

● Supports recovery from exercise via reduced muscle damage (320).

● Supports digestive health via enzymatic support of protein digestion.

● Supports cardiovascular health via antihypertensive action, antiatherogenic effects, reduced cholesterol, reduced arterial (blood vessel)  inflammation, high amounts of omega 3 fatty acids, and inhibition of arrhythmias (323).

● Supports immune health via high amounts of the antioxidant lignan secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (323).

● Supports digestive health via its high fiber content have been implicated primarily in these beneficial cardiovascular actions (323).

● Supports cardiovascular health via increased nitric oxide production (324).

● Supports aerobic exercise performance via reduced muscular fatigue, improved cellular hydration, and improved lactic acid buffering capability (324).

● Supports immune health via reduced oxidative damage to lipids and reduced inflammatory markers (TNF-α, IL-1β, RAGE and NFκB) (325).

● Supports antioxidant function via high concentration of carotenoids and polyphenols (325).

● Supports antioxidant function via high levels of carotenoids that protect against DNA damage, oxidative stress, and scavenge free radicals (336).

● Supports recovery from exercise via reduced muscle damage (336).

● Supports immune health, reduced inflammation, vision health, cardiovascular health, and digestive health (337).

● Supports vision health via high levels of eye support carotenoids (337).

● Combats inflammation via reduced DNA damage, increased plasma vitamin C levels, increased plasma beta-carotene levels, increased plasma glutathione (master antioxidant) levels (337).

● Supports cardiovascular health via increased nitric oxide levels, reduced serum triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein (LPL) cholesterol (337).